Abstract
Background: Balance and gait impairments are common after stroke, limiting mobility and independence and increasing fall risk due to impaired neuromuscular control and weight shifting. Interventions such as PNF, task-oriented training (TOT), and weight-bearing training (WBT) have shown benefits for maintaining posture and functional balance. However, the comparative effectiveness of combining PNF with WBT versus TOT-based weight-bearing remains unclear. This review summarizes recent studies evaluating these approaches in people with chronic ischemic stroke.
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of PNF with weight-bearing training and task-oriented weight-bear training therapies on the static and dynamic balance performance of chronic ischemic stroke survivors. To provide evidence-based recommendations for future research and clinical procedures that concentrate on the recovery of dynamic balance and postural symmetry in the treatment of chronic stroke patients.
Methods: In order to find research on PNF and task-oriented weight-bearing in chronic ischemic stroke, this PRISMA-guided review searched PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and PEDro (2015–2025). Studies that met the inclusion criteria were screened and extracted. PEDro was used to evaluate quality, and the results were qualitatively and narratively summarised.
Results: According to the research, Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) procedures improve balance but have no effect on functional transfer. PNF greatly enhances pelvic stability, weight shift symmetry, and trunk control when paired with weight-bearing exercises.
Task-oriented weight-bearing therapies were associated with the best results in dynamic and functional balance, as judged by the Berg Balance Scale and Timed Up and Go test. The study, which rated the overall evidence as moderate to high, promoted multimodal, individualized, and intensive rehabilitation but emphasized the necessity for standardized protocols and high-quality studies because of methodological variability and small sample sizes.
Conclusions: Individuals with chronic ischemic stroke improve from both PNF and task-oriented weight-bearing therapy. PNF increases postural control and weight distribution, whereas task-oriented training mostly improves functional and dynamic balance. The best approach is a combination of, customised, evidence-based approach; however, greater quality research is required to validate optimal protocols and long-term advantages.